OpenWRT

测试硬件：AXT1800

1.升级固件

访问 http://192.168.8.1/ ，设置密码，升级固件（下载axt1800最新固件后，本地升级）：https://dl.gl-inet.cn/router/axt1800/stable

2.挂载TF卡

参考：https://docs.gl-inet.cn/router/4/features/memory_mount/

df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mmcblk0p1           59.4G    768.0K     59.4G   0% /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1

卸载“网络存储”功能,如果不卸载网络存储功能，后续会有报错导致无法挂载内存：

umount /dev/mmcblk0p1

安装相关工具

opkg update && opkg install block-mount  kmod-usb-storage  kmod-fs-ext4 e2fsprogs kmod-fs-vfat

查看TF卡的分区信息:

blkid /dev/mmcblk0*
/dev/mmcblk0: PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/mmcblk0p1: UUID="c0553506-a9c2-439a-807b-d349f1f26785" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"

TYPE 这里为exfat 或 ext4等

格式化TF卡：

mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1 << EOF
> EOF

给TF卡制作根文件系统:

mount -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt
mkdir /tmp/root
mount -o bind / /tmp/root
cp /tmp/root/* /mnt -a
umount /tmp/root
umount /mnt

配置自动挂载,并重启

block detect > /etc/config/fstab
uci set fstab.@mount[0].target='/overlay'
uci set fstab.@mount[0].enabled='1'root
uci commit fstab
reboot

貌似这样折腾后，相当于重置了系统，需要重新设置密码和时区。

设置swap

root# cat /proc/swaps
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority

root@GL-AXT1800:/usr/bin# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
mtd:ubi_rootfs           41.0M     41.0M         0 100% /rom
tmpfs                   196.4M     48.7M    147.8M  25% /tmp
/dev/mmcblk0p1           58.3G    240.7M     55.1G   0% /overlay
overlayfs:/overlay       58.3G    240.7M     55.1G   0% /
tmpfs                   512.0K         0    512.0K   0% /dev
/dev/mmcblk0p1           58.3G    240.7M     55.1G   0% /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1

root@GL-AXT1800:/usr/bin# cd /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/

root@GL-AXT1800:/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1# dd   if=/dev/zero   of=/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/swapfile   bs=1M   count=2048
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out

root@GL-AXT1800:/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1# mkswap   /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2147479552 bytes

root@GL-AXT1800:/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1# swapon /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/swapfile

root@GL-AXT1800:/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         402300      143692       28192       49876      230416      161892
Swap:       2097148           0     2097148

卸载swap：

swapoff /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/swapfile

设置开机自动挂载swap

vi /etc/init.d/auto_swap

START 中的数值越大，越后启动

#!/bin/sh  /etc/rc.common

START=99 

start(){
        swapon /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/swapfile
        echo "swapon /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/swapfile"
}

stop()
{
    swapoff /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/swapfile
    echo "swapoff /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/swapfile"
}

给权限，设置自动启动：

chmod +x /etc/init.d/auto_swap
service autoSwap enable

3.其他设置

访问 http://192.168.8.1/ ，设置密码、时区

更换openwrt shell解析器为bash,解决history不保存问题:

opkg update && opkg install bash

修改 root 用户的 shell 解释器
vi /etc/passwd

修改第一行（第一行就是 root 用户）中的 /bin/ash，改成 /bin/bash

重新ssh登录进去即可。

系统架构(axt1800 默认是32位系统）：

uname -m
armv7l
  • arm64和aarch64对应64位ARM架构(ARMv8),常见于移动设备和嵌入式系统。
  • armv7l和arm对应32位ARM架构(ARMv7),常见于较旧的移动设备和嵌入式系统。
  • x86_64、x64和amd64对应64位x86架构,常见于个人电脑和服务器。
  • x86和i386对应32位x86架构,常见于较旧的个人电脑。（基本上可以淘汰了）

其他设置：

  • 系统后台：概要，关闭LED

4.网络设置

4.1.VPS侧

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

现在，在当前用户的根目录中生成了一个 .ssh 的隐藏目录，内含两个密钥文件。id_rsa 为私钥，id_rsa.pub 为公钥。

保存私钥 id_rsa 文件到本地软路由，然后在VPS侧输入以下命令安装公钥， 将公钥写入到 authorized_keys 文件：

cd ~/.ssh/
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

开启密钥登录选项，编辑 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件找到以下参数进行更改或直接添加：

RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes

重启服务：

service sshd restart

4.2. 软路由侧

mkdir ~/.ssh/
vi ~/.ssh/id_rsa

把vps上的id_rsa内容复制到 id_rsa

修改权限：

sudo chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa

参考：

安装sshtunnel：

opkg update && opkg install sshtunnel

vi /etc/config/sshtunnel

config server vps_server
       option user                     VPS_user_name
       option hostname                 VPS_IP
       option port                     VPS_SSH_port
       option retrydelay               5
       option CheckHostIP              yes
       option Compression              yes
       option CompressionLevel         9
       option IdentityFile             /VPS_user_name/.ssh/id_rsa
       option LogLevel                 INFO
      # option PKCS11Provider           /lib/pteidpkcs11.so
       option ServerAliveCountMax      3
       option ServerAliveInterval      5
       option StrictHostKeyChecking    accept-new
       option TCPKeepAlive             yes
       option VerifyHostKeyDNS         yes

config tunnelD proxy
       option server           vps_server
       option localaddress     192.168.8.1
       option localport        4055

执行命令：

/etc/init.d/sshtunnel enable &&   /etc/init.d/sshtunnel start

相关命令：

/etc/init.d/sshtunnel enable
/etc/init.d/sshtunnel start
/etc/init.d/sshtunnel status
/etc/init.d/sshtunnel restart
/etc/init.d/sshtunnel stop

Available commands:
        start           Start the service
        stop            Stop the service
        restart         Restart the service
        reload          Reload configuration files (or restart if service does not implement reload)
        enable          Enable service autostart
        disable         Disable service autostart
        enabled         Check if service is started on boot
        running         Check if service is running
        status          Service status
        trace           Start with syscall trace

安装privoxy：

opkg update && opkg install privoxy

vi /etc/config/privoxy

config privoxy 'privoxy'
        option confdir '/etc/privoxy'
        option logdir '/var/log'
        option logfile 'privoxy.log'
        list listen_address     '0.0.0.0:8118'
        option  forward_socks5 '/ 192.168.8.1:4055    .'

执行：

/etc/init.d/privoxy enabled && /etc/init.d/privoxy start

相关命令，没有status：

Syntax: /etc/init.d/privoxy [command]

Available commands:
        start           Start the service
        stop            Stop the service
        restart         Restart the service
        reload          Reload configuration files (or restart if service does not implement reload)
        enable          Enable service autostart
        disable         Disable service autostart
        enabled         Check if service is started on boot

手机代理：

192.168.8.1
8118

PC浏览器 SwitchyOmega：

协议：HTTP
192.168.8.1
8118

重启系统：

reboot

5.安装python3到tf卡

  • 安装成功了部分模块
  • 无法安装NumPy，pandas： numpy 需要特定版本的 OpenWrt才开始支持，另外就是 OpenWrt需要特定的编译选项，才能支持全版本的NumPy

部分参考资料：

mkdir /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt
mkdir /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/tmp

vi /etc/opkg.conf

添加外置存储路径:

dest tf /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt

vi /etc/profile

配置环境变量：

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/lib:/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/lib"
export PATH="/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/bin:/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/sbin"
export TMPDIR=/tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/tmp

让修改后的profile立即生效:

source /etc/profile

安装前可以设置命令行代理：

export http_proxy="http://192.168.8.1:8118"
export https_proxy="http://192.168.8.1:8118"

安装：

opkg update
opkg install python3-base -d tf
opkg install python3-pip -d tf
opkg install python3 -d tf

升级pip,setuptools

python -m pip install  --upgrade pip  
pip install --upgrade setuptools

安装常用软件，指定目录 /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages

pip install requests -t /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages
pip install bs4 -t /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages

安装pandas，依赖：https://pypi.org/project/pandas/#dependencies

  • python-dateutil
  • pytz
  • numpy
pip install pytz -t /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages
pip install python-dateutil -t /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages

无法安装numpy：

pip install numpy -t /tmp/mountd/disk1_part1/opt/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages
Collecting numpy
  Using cached numpy-2.0.2.tar.gz (18.9 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × pip subprocess to install backend dependencies did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> See above for output.

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  Installing backend dependencies ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install backend dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

OpenWrt-22.03.0 中可以安装python3-numpy，但是如果需要完全功能的版本，the INSTALL_GFORTRAN symbol needs\\ to be enabled in the OpenWrt core/toolchain.\\ \\, 参考： https://openwrt.org/packages/pkgdata/python3-numpy

ackage: python3-numpy
Name:python3-numpy
Version:1.24.3-1
Description:NumPy is the fundamental package for array computing with Python.\\ \\ By default, this package is built without some modules.\\ For some modules to be available, the INSTALL_GFORTRAN symbol needs\\ to be enabled in the OpenWrt core/toolchain.\\ \\
Installed size:5915k
BDependencies:libc, librt, libpthread, python3
Categories:languages---python
Repositories:community-packages
Architectures:aarch64_cortex-a53, aarch64_cortex-a72, aarch64_generic, arc_archs, arm_arm1176jzf-s_vfp, arm_cortex-a15_neon-vfpv4, arm_cortex-a7_neon-vfpv4, arm_cortex-a8_vfpv3, arm_cortex-a9_neon, i386_pentium4, mipsel_24kc_24kf, powerpc_464fp, x86_64
OpenWrt release:OpenWrt-22.03.0
File size:5908kB
License:BSD-3-Clause
Maintainer:Alexandru Ardelean
Bug report:Bug reports
Source code:Sources

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